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Sanskrit education was a prime focus of the Pallava, Pandya, Cola, Vijayanagara, Nayaka and other kings of the Tamil country. Education was disseminated through agraharas, ghatikas, temple-colleges and mathas. Much authentic and interesting information about Sanskrit education and literature is available from the copper-plate grants and stone epigraphs.
Education, especially Vedic and Vedantic, along with allied subjects, was a prime focus of the rulers of the Tamil kingdoms. This book highlights the educational initiatives during the reigns of the Pallava, Pandya, Cola, Vijayanagara, Nayaka and other kings.
The inscriptions across the Tamil country talk about Sanskrit education in detail. Agraharas, ghatikas, temple-colleges and mathas were the main educational institutions propagating Sanskrit texts. The teachers were handsomely paid and bhatta-vritti was the norm of the day; villages were donated to them Þ either as ekabhoga or as agrahara (brahmadeya). There were poets and composers among the rulers, as an embodiment of their dedication to education. The numerous grants act as authentic sources of information on the reigns of these rulers, scholars, composers and educational institutions across many centuries Þ beginning from the Pallava times.
Giving a deep insight, this book is an invaluable source of information for students and researchers in the ancient and medieval history of India.
Sanskrit education was a prime focus of the Pallava, Pandya, Cola, Vijayanagara, Nayaka and other kings of the Tamil country. Education was disseminated through agraharas, ghatikas, temple-colleges and mathas. Much authentic and interesting information about Sanskrit education and literature is available from the copper-plate grants and stone epigraphs.
Education, especially Vedic and Vedantic, along with allied subjects, was a prime focus of the rulers of the Tamil kingdoms. This book highlights the educational initiatives during the reigns of the Pallava, Pandya, Cola, Vijayanagara, Nayaka and other kings.
The inscriptions across the Tamil country talk about Sanskrit education in detail. Agraharas, ghatikas, temple-colleges and mathas were the main educational institutions propagating Sanskrit texts. The teachers were handsomely paid and bhatta-vritti was the norm of the day; villages were donated to them Þ either as ekabhoga or as agrahara (brahmadeya). There were poets and composers among the rulers, as an embodiment of their dedication to education. The numerous grants act as authentic sources of information on the reigns of these rulers, scholars, composers and educational institutions across many centuries Þ beginning from the Pallava times.
Giving a deep insight, this book is an invaluable source of information for students and researchers in the ancient and medieval history of India.
This fresh typesetting of Prof. Macdonells work explains the mechanics of the Sanskrit languages euphonic combinations (sandhi), declension, conjugation, nominal stem formation and compounds, etc., with insights into the syntactical arrangement of Sanskrit sentence.
It is an altogether fresh reprint of the eminent Orientalist, Arthur Macdonells A Sanskrit Grammar (1927 edition: Oxford). Which, ever since its first appearance, has been widely acclaimed both in India and elsewhere in the world, as an authentic, at once relevant account of classical Sanskrit.
Projecting, with well-chosen examples, a whole mass of grammatical forms to be met with in the post-Vedic Sanskrit literature, the author systematically explains the mechanics of its euphonic combinations (sandhi), declension, conjugation, nominal stem formation and compounds, and a lot else — with complete insights into the syntactical arrangement of Sanskrit sentence. Supported by several information-packaged appendices, the book also carries a brilliant resume of the Sanskrit grammatical tradition going back to the 5th century BC.
Now typeset anew with the latest technological aids, the late Macdonells work today remains as much indispensable to the students of Sanskrit as to the scholars, who seek to discover for themselves the splendour of its literary classics.
This fresh typesetting of Prof. Macdonells work explains the mechanics of the Sanskrit languages euphonic combinations (sandhi), declension, conjugation, nominal stem formation and compounds, etc., with insights into the syntactical arrangement of Sanskrit sentence.
It is an altogether fresh reprint of the eminent Orientalist, Arthur Macdonells A Sanskrit Grammar (1927 edition: Oxford). Which, ever since its first appearance, has been widely acclaimed both in India and elsewhere in the world, as an authentic, at once relevant account of classical Sanskrit.
Projecting, with well-chosen examples, a whole mass of grammatical forms to be met with in the post-Vedic Sanskrit literature, the author systematically explains the mechanics of its euphonic combinations (sandhi), declension, conjugation, nominal stem formation and compounds, and a lot else — with complete insights into the syntactical arrangement of Sanskrit sentence. Supported by several information-packaged appendices, the book also carries a brilliant resume of the Sanskrit grammatical tradition going back to the 5th century BC.
Now typeset anew with the latest technological aids, the late Macdonells work today remains as much indispensable to the students of Sanskrit as to the scholars, who seek to discover for themselves the splendour of its literary classics.
In the past many Sanskrit works were translated into Persian and other Indian languages so as to reveal the glory of the Sanskrit language and its literary output. This book presents details of the Urdu translations covering the Vedic literature the Puranas and classical works on various subjects.
Sanskrit literature is a vast tradition, its literary activity being one of the oldest in the world. In the past, many Sanskrit works were translated into Persian and other Indian languages so as to reveal the glory of the Sanskrit language and literary output to all. This book is an attempt to present Urdu translations of Sanskrit literature. The translations include the Gayatri mantra and a few random lines/verses from the Arthashastra, the epic literature especially the Bhagavad Gita, Kalidasas plays, Bahrtrharis Shatakas, the Yoga Darshana of Patanjali and the Kapila Sutras on Sankhya philosophy, in a simple manner and with clarity. It includes a detailed list of various works of Sanskrit translations into Urdu covering the Vedic literature, the Puranas, Sanskrit classical literature like the epics, drama, lyrics, poetry, prose, romance, popular tales and scientific literature on grammar, phonetics, medicine, the law, astronomy and mathematics.
This book presents the key concepts from the Indian Grammatical Tradition (IGT) that are necessary for understanding the information flow in a language string and its dynamics. This is followed by a concrete application of building a parser for Sanskrit using the framework of Indian Grammatical Tradition.
India has a rich grammatical tradition, still extant in the form of Panini’s grammar as well as the theories of verbal cognition. These two together provide a formal theory of language communication. The formal nature of the theory makes it directly relevant to the new technology called Natural Language Processing.
This book, first presents the key concepts from the Indian Grammatical Tradition (IGT) that are necessary for understanding the information flow in a language string and its dynamics. A fresh look at these concepts from the perspective of Natural Language Processing is provided. This is then followed by a concrete application of building a parser for Sanskrit using the framework of Indian Grammatical Tradition.
This book not only documents the salient pieces of work carried out over the last quarter century under Computational Paninian Grammar, but provides the first comprehensive exposition of the ideas involved. It fills a gap for students of Computational Linguistics/Natural Language Processing who are working on Indian languages using Paninian Grammatical Framework for developing their computational models and do not have direct access to the texts in Sanskrit.
Similarly for the Sanskrit scholars and the students it provides an example of concrete application of the Indian theories to solve a contemporary problem.
This book, felicitating Professor Ashok Aklujkar, throws light on the major areas of Sanskrit and related subjects, such as philosophy, religion, linguistics, poetics, art and sociology. It primarily contains essays exploring the complexities of Sanskrit grammars, Indic linguistic philosophy and the relation between Sanskrit and Pali.
Making any valuable and original contribution to the treasure troves of knowledge and world literature based on serious studies, deep thought, extensive research, intensive literary discourses and experience gained through continued exposure and involvement, is not everybody’s forte. It is for such literary acumen, intrinsic scholastic qualities and other personal attributes that make Dr. Ashok Aklujkar stand out and be regarded as the world-renowned Sanskrit scholar of the modern times in whose honour and appreciation this volume has been compiled and published.
Several leading and gifted scholars from across the world have contributed a wide range of interesting research articles for this special volume that deal with major areas of Sanskrit and related studies such as philosophy, religion, linguistics, poetics, art and sociology. As a befitting tribute to the scholarly interests and attainments, reflected in the published works of Prof. Aklujkar, essays exploring the complexities in Sanskrit grammars and Indic linguistic philosophy take the centre stage in this volume. Good care has also been taken to devote sufficient space to the poetics and the inherent relation between Sanskrit and Pali Þ the two other important areas Prof. Aklujkar has focussed on, from time to time.
In this compendium of assorted and absorbing articles authored by quite senior and well-known scholars of repute, appear alongside an equal number of articles from new generation, young scholars of merit, wherein they have attempted to offer the fruits of their original and critical research work.
The result: a panorama of interesting readings that introduce the reader to the unique diversity and richness of Indology from various vantage points.
This volume ranges over logic, grammar, philosophy, environment, aesthetics, interpretation, science, epic-poetry, India’s cultural presence in Asia, and maintenance of texts, and as such should interest students, researchers and teachers of languages, literature, sciences and philosophy.
The educated Indian mind of today is, by and large, subjugated by the contemporary ethnographic, conflict-oriented, divisive thought and ideologies of the West. This can be corrected only by the thought structure in the Sanskrit intellectual texts. Two learned Supreme Court judges noted in 1993 the people of India have always held in high esteem the cultural heritage of this ancient land. And learning of Sanskrit is undoubtedly necessary for protection of this heritage. And the 1986 education policy said, Efforts will be made to delve into India’s ancient fund of knowledge and to relate it to contemporary reality. This effort will imply the development of facilities for the intensive study of Sanskrit. With this in mind, JNU set up in 2002 the Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies to examine and relate Indian thought systems both to the contemporary Indian reality and the contemporary Western thinking. A research journal/publication is integral to this vision. This volume is the first issue and it promises a continuous commitment to Indian thought, its validity and value. We hope that this effort shall build a team of young scholars with a commitment to exact Indian scholarship. This book ranges over logic, grammar, philosophy, environment, aesthetics, interpretation, science, epic-poetry, India’s cultural presence in Asia, and maintenance of texts, and as such should interest students, researchers and teachers of languages, literature, sciences and philosophy. We would like the readers to enjoy this first volume. We welcome comments, observations, responses and also invite contributions for the next volume in the series.
This is a second volume brought out by the Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, JNU. It’s a collection of scholarly writings that throws light on ancient cultural heritage of India, marked by the Sanskrit intellectual traditions, dealing with schools of Vedas like Niruktas and the Itihasas, and the pre-Harappan Rgveda.
The cultural heritage of India is marked by the Sanskrit intellectual tradition whose flowering resulted in rich literature and development of philosophy, art and the sciences. Sanskrit Studies vol. 2 is the second issue showcasing the rich ancient heritage of Sanskrit brought out by the Centre. This volume is a collection of articles that throws light on various aspects of the Sanskrit tradition. The scholarly writings deal with schools of interpretation of the Vedas like the Niruktas and the Itihasas and evidences and arguments for a pre-Harappan date of composition for the Rigveda. They examine atomistic doctrines in Indian thought tradition, the charms and spells that constitute the Atharvaveda, the place of the Hindu women vis-a-vis ancient Indian society and traditions, and the philosophy and the aesthetics of rasa. Throughout they cite ancient Indian epics and mythologies, religious thoughts, literary works, philosophical traditions and scientific achievements to carry out a thorough and comprehensive study of the subject. There is an interesting article on issues involved in comparative studies of philosophies of two different traditions, as of the East and the West. The volume will appeal to students, teachers and scholars of Indology.
This book, the third volume in the Sanskrit Studies Series of JNU, addresses varied topics of Sanskrit studies such as the Theory of Oral Composition of Veda, Hermeneutics of the Upanisads, Concept of Dharma, Aesthetic Universe of Natyasastra, the Cultural Geography of Kalidasa, Sanskrit Commentary, Archaeoastronomy, Universal Premise in Early Nyaya, among others.
This anthology (2013-14) is the third volume of the Sanskrit Studies, a serial publication from the Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). The first volume of the series was published in 2004-05, and the second in 2006-07. JNU is committed to bring out this serial publication, though with some interval.
This Sanskrit Studies series is set to focus on a vast range of Sanskrit language and literature, grammar and historical linguistics, sources of history and systems of philosophy, principles of poetics and details of dramaturgy, lexicography, and so on. It also aims to bring forth the vision of Vedic texts and the varieties of Vedic traditions, Buddhist canons, Pali texts, different versions of Prakrt language and the emerging field of computational linguistics, thus adopting a multi-disciplinary approach.
This volume too deliberates on varied topics of Sanskrit studies and discusses the theory of Oral Ccomposition of Veda, the Yajusha Hautra Dispute, Hermeneutics of the Upanisads, Concept of Dharma, Aesthetic Universe of Natyasastra, the Cultural Geography of Kalidasa, Sanskrit Commentary, Archaeoastronomy, Universal Premise in Early Nyaya, Sanskrit and Tamil Interrelation, among others.
The fifteen articles presented in this volume represent the richness and rigour of Sanskrit studies in contemporary times across the globe. It should interest all those who are in Sanskrit studies researchers, teachers, students and scholars alike.
Sapiens and Sthitaprajna studies the concept of a wise person in the Stoic Seneca and in the Bhagavadgita. Although the Gita and Seneca’s writings were composed at least two centuries apart and a continent apart, they have much in common in recommending a well-lived life. This book describes how in both a wise person is endowed with both virtue and wisdom, is moral, makes right judgements and takes responsibility for actions. A wise and virtuous person always enjoys happiness, as happiness consists in knowing that one has done the right thing at the right time.
Both Seneca and the Gita demand intellectual rigour and wisdom for leading a virtuous and effective life. They provide guidelines for how to become and be wise. Both systems demand a sage to be emotionally sound and devoid of passions. This leads to mental peace and balance, and ultimately tranquillity and happiness. While surveying these similarities, this study also finds differences in their ways of application of these ideas. The metaphysics of the Gita obliges the sage to practise meditation, while the Stoics require a sage to be a rational person committed to analysing and intellectualizing any situation.
This comparative study will be of interest to students of both Ancient Western and Ancient Indian Philosophy. Practitioners of Stoicism and followers of the Gita should find the presence of closely-related ideas in a very different tradition of interest while perhaps finding somewhat different prescriptions a spur to action.
The book employs the multi-disciplinary methodologies of art historical interpretation to contextualise nearly the whole range of Saptamatrka icons within the larger historical evolution of accultured Brahmanical religion, mythology, theology and cultic developments.
The worship of Saptamatrika; the seven Mother Goddesses (or the seven Saktis, the divine feminine powers), is over a millennia and half old, pan-Indian phenomenon. And, over the centuries, the Matrika concept has come to have varied ideational, literary, visual and ritualistic manifestations which not just interconnect the totality of Brahmanical and non-Brahmanical religious traditions, but are integral components of the diverse historical processes of Indian society. A reputed scholar of art history here offers an insightful iconological study of Saptamatrika divinities: the Brahmanical goddesses found invariably as a single collective whole, consisting literally of seven (though sometimes eight or more) female deities, variably accompanied by different forms of Shiva, and Ganesha or Skanda. Employing the multidisciplinary methodo-logies of art historical interpretation, including the recent feminist interventions, Dr. Panikkars inquiry contextualises nearly the whole range of Saptamatrika icons within the larger historical evolution of accultured Brahmanical religion, mythology, theology and concomitant multifarious cultic developments. Also clarifying some of the basic principles of Brahmanical iconic tradition, his study has, for the first time, exceeded the accepted Art Historical procedures by incorporating the questions of class conflict, gender representations and ideology within the iconological discourse and has, thus, advanced the frontiers of Art Historical practice. It is a compelling, painstakingly researched work growing from the authors indepth survey of diverse Saptamatrika sculptures and an astonishing mass of both primary textual sources and research publications of more recent years. And, yet more significantly, it is enlivened with exquisite visual material: comprising nearly 200 photographic reproductions.
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