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The book offers an account of Tantras evolution, cultic variations, culture, philosophy, mysticism, etc. and shows how tantrism has deeply influenced major Indian religions and the art tradition.
With its roots (perhaps) in the prehistoric times, Tantra is a unique, highly complex spiritual tradition of India. Which is hard to define and still harder to be grasped by the non-initiated largely because of its occult and mysteriously ritualistic elements, often accompanied by equally mysterious mantras, yantras, kriyas and even sexual practices. As a religious philosophy, this esoteric cult of Shakti: the female principle, seeks to discover the source of cosmic power within the human body through intensely specialized yogic activity. And, like yoga, it transcends religious boundaries. Introducing this non-Vedic, esoteric cult in an altogether fresh perspective, the book looks at tantra: both as a philosophy and as a spiritual tradition in its own right, and how tantrism has, in the past, been an irresistible influence not only on major Indian religions (Brahmanical Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism), but on arts as well. Dr. Mishra authenticates his findings with evidence from numerous Vaishnava, Shaiva, Shakta, Buddhist, and Jaina texts on religion, philosophy, art and iconography. The author, who has had long, personal interactions with some of the living tantrikas, also tries to dispel certain distortions woven around Tantric religion to contextually offer an unbiased account of its evolution, cultic variations, culture, philosophy, mysticism, and cardinal concepts and tenets. Together with relevant visual material, Dr. Mishras work will, thus, evoke as much interest in discerning readers as in the scholars of Indian religions, traditional philosophy, arts and art history.
This book covers most of the basic topics of Data Structures. The logic behind every program of data structures with inclusion of flowcharts, pseudo codes and programs. The programs are written by using the concepts of object oriented programming language in C++ which are verified and tested. The topics covered in this book are linked list, stacks, queue, binary tree, threaded binary tree, traversals – BFS & BFS, different sorting methods, hashing and AVL. We have also explained the basic concepts of OOPs. In this book, we have explained the hashing and AVL and we expect that students will try to write the small programs in these topics as well. Individual topics of programs cover the pseudo code, diagrammatic representation and the concepts of that particular topic. We have tried to explain the topics in a very simple manner and we hope that the students will be able to understand the topics well. We would suggest that after going through the entire concepts of data structures, every student should try to solve the assignment given at the end of this book and I am very sure that if student does this exercise, he will never forget this subject and will start loving this subject. With this exercise, not only the basics of data structures but also their concepts of different programming languages will also be made stronger. Our best wishes to the students….
This book critically analyses the state of affairs in India after the British left in 1947 and examines whether Independence has ushered an era of cultural and social freedom or a cultural decline has set in a thought-provoking subject.
It is often taken for granted that Independence from the British rule also ushered an era of cultural and social freedom in India. The author wishes to examine if that is true or if a cultural decline set in soon after. Based on a verse in the Pancatantra, the book has been divided into six parts: Eka (person), Kula (family), Grama (habitat), Janapada (land), Prithvi (earth) and Atma. Issues of education; conflicts between the classes, regions, jatis, languages and religions; expansion of proselytizers; lack of governance; tensions between the legislators and judiciary; rise of unbridled consumerism; falling standards of democracy; dilemmas created by notions of dharma challenged by Westernized modernity; and the problems of attaining universal harmony, are all put into a perspective under these six categories. While examining the state of affairs the author also suggests a way for the pursuit of happiness through unselfish transcendence.
This book critically analyses the state of affairs in India after the British left in 1947 and examines whether Independence has ushered an era of cultural and social freedom or a cultural decline has set in a thought-provoking subject.
It is often taken for granted that Independence from the British rule also ushered an era of cultural and social freedom in India. The author wishes to examine if that is true or if a cultural decline set in soon after. Based on a verse in the Pancatantra, the book has been divided into six parts: Eka (person), Kula (family), Grama (habitat), Janapada (land), Prithvi (earth) and Atma. Issues of education; conflicts between the classes, regions, jatis, languages and religions; expansion of proselytizers; lack of governance; tensions between the legislators and judiciary; rise of unbridled consumerism; falling standards of democracy; dilemmas created by notions of dharma challenged by Westernized modernity; and the problems of attaining universal harmony, are all put into a perspective under these six categories. While examining the state of affairs the author also suggests a way for the pursuit of happiness through unselfish transcendence.
The South-East is a cultural perspective aptly named agneyi the direction of the God Agni. It is reflected even in the Sino-Japanese Mahakarunagarbha mandala of the 8th century where Agni is surrounded by sages: Angiras with his consort Gautami and Atreya with his consort Bhrgvi. In the Pao-hsiang Lou pantheon Agni is surrounded by eight rsi’s Angiras, Vasistha, Garga, Markandeya, Gautama, Kasyapa, Shan-ch’eng-ming-yang and Su-chi-i (the Sanskrit names of the last two have to yet to be found). In Indic terms, the conceptual space of SE Asia endows it with the serenity of the mind, the grandeur of structures, the profundity of expression derived from Sanskrit. The SE is the mind ground of the sages, the rishis, and as such the marvellous manifestation of the Hindu-Buddhist genius. This book chronicles the dynamism, the fire, the Agni of the Agneya (SE) direction across the past that shades into the present with tomorrows inside.
Dr. Bhargavas book opens a fascinating panorama of life in Vedic India, highlighting in particular, its powerful dynastic families, its rsis, society, economic conditions, political set-up, religion, philosophy and literature. The book includes a vivid description of the Aryan homeland, its geography, flora and fauna and a lot else.
Vedas arent just the scriptural texts, but the earliest record of Indo, Aryan civilisation. On the basis of this corpus of mankinds oldest literature, together with his indepth analyses of the later-day Puranic writings, Professor Bhargava offers the first ever systematic, well-knit study of the Aryan expansion on the Indian subcontinent since c. 3100 bc. Retrieving, thus, hard historical facts from the complex Sanskrit verses of ancient seers, Dr. Bhargavas book opens a fascinating panorama of life in Vedic Indiahighlighting, in particular, its powerful dynastic families, its rishis, society, economic conditions, political setup; religion, philosophy and literature. The book also includes a vivid description of the Aryan homeland, its geography, flora, fauna, and a lot else. Now in its third enlarged, fully revrsed and updated edition; India in the Vedic Age has, ever since its first appearance in 1956, been acclaimed not only by prestigious journals or discerning readers, but also by many IndologistsISanskrit historians of worldwide eminence, including notably, A.L. Basham, K.D. Vajpeyi, Ludwik Stembach, T.G. Mainkar, and G.V. Devas. While A.S. Altekar acknowledged it as a distinct advance over Pargiters work, Dr. Bhargavas book is certainly, as U.N. Ghoshal observed, the most original work of our time.
India and Indonesia maintained strong cultural and historical relationship for few millennia. As a testimony to it India stood firm for Indonesia’s freedom from the Dutch, inspiring its leaders. With India’s Look East Policy, the mutual relationships, especially in trade, have reached new heights. The economic reforms in both the countries demand stronger ties in the days to come.
India and Indonesia experienced close historical and civilizational relations from the ancient times to sixteenth century ce. During the Indonesian freedom struggle, its leaders were inspired by the anti-colonial views of Indian leaders. India firmly stood for the freedom of Indonesia from the Dutch.
During the post-colonial period, the bilateral relations underwent ups and downs. Indias Look East Policy of the 1990s made a phenomenal leap in both the countries relationship. India by leveraging its soft power, stable foreign policy, non-interference policy established trust among many South-East Asian countries and in particular Indonesia. Indonesia, being the largest country in the region, has been proved as one of the greatest allies of India.
After a decade of stable governance under President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesia now has a fairly strong democratic set-up. The country made the transition after thirty-one years of dictatorship of Soeharto, under the leadership of B.J. Habibie, Abdurrhaman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri.
Now, when both the countries are poised to fly high after having witnessed considerable economic reforms, they need to forge stronger ties in order to further expand bilateral trade and strategic relations, being the main focus of this volume.
Evidences suggest that India and Indonesia were in trade relations for many millennia, starting from 3500 bce. Indonesia got all three religions Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam from India. There were ups and downs in their relations. This volume vividly talks about topics that foster(ed) mutual relations such as culture, religion, language, traditions and education.
Evidences suggest that India and Indonesia were in trade relations for many millennia, starting from 3500 bce. Suvarnabhumi (Sumatra) is mentioned in Jatakas, Indian epics and Mahavamsa, though there is no sequential documentation of it. The trade relations paved the way for Bali importing Indian pottery, priests coming from India and getting absorbed into the Indonesian society and the Indian traders and priests marrying the locals and settling there, thus spreading Hinduism and Indian culture throughout Java, Bali and Sumatra. Indonesia thus got all three religions Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam from India.
The historical and civilizational relations continued till the sixteenth century ce. The Western colonization drive of Asian countries broke this long-stood relationship. Coming to the twentieth century, Indonesia and its leaders were highly inspired by the anti-colonial views of Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel and Rabindranath Tagore, and India extended her moral support to the freedom struggle of Indonesia. But during the post-colonial era, the bilateral relations between both the countries were incoherent. The Look East Policy of India in the 1990s rejuvenated the relations and Indonesia became one of the greatest allies in fulfilling Indias South-East Asia Policy.
The scholarly articles in this volume vividly talk about topics that foster(ed) mutual relations such as culture, religion, language, traditions, education and so on, keenly drawing the attention of policy makers, trade analysts, cultural enthusiasts, investors, among a wide range of audience.
The book relates the diverse experiences of Mr. Tzannis Tzannetakis, a former Greek Prime Minister, in India: he witnesses centuries-old marvels, landmarks of its long religious-cultural tradition; and his response is profound and genuine.
A journey to India . . . is quite unlike a journey to any other land . . . this sentiment expresses the uniqueness of a visitors experience of India. For, among other things, India is a perpetual mystery to him from the beginning; he wades through the mystique and out of it; and he is never free of it. For Mr. Tzannis Tzannetakis, a former Prime Minister of Greece, India is this and much more. His informal experiences presented here are diverse and steeped in the historic-cultural flavour special to India. He sees its centuries-old palaces, forts of ancient maharajas, of the glorious Mughals; the unparalleled cave monuments of Ajanta-Ellora with their exquisite carvings, the breathtaking sculptural decorations and the architectural dream of Khajuraho; the grandeur of the Taj, a wonder in white marble; the exotic deserts of Jaisalmer; the heart of holy India, Banaras, with the ever-flowing Ganga; the marvel of Delhi which amalgamates the old and the new. His response is, likewise, rich with a range of tones; he not only admires the material landmarks of ancient India but breathes in the spirit of the past the old delight, the royal romance, the dignity, valour in that chivalry . . . His is not simply a discovery of India but an analysis of Indias time-tested values and its modern message in order to understand India in the real sense its unique past; the India of today, of the traditional and the modern; and the India of the future . . . its goals, aspirations. The authors tone is wonder-struck but, at the same time, genuine and realistic. He captures the essential India and not just its forms and colours to present a delightful, critical and sensitive picture.
A collection of fifteen scholarly articles, this volume talks about the development of convergences and divergences in Indian aesthetics under two broad topics – Theoretical Explorations and Applications – be it cinema, dance, drama, music, literature or sculpture.
A collection of fifteen scholarly articles, this volume focuses on the convergences and divergences which exist in Indian aesthetics, focusing both on Theoretical Explorations and their Applications. Indian aesthetics encompasses traditions and texts that focus on literary, visual, structural and performative productions of a wide range of art forms that delight, entertain, provoke their audience in ways that are relevant to the life. These art forms result in various responses such as delight, emotional relish, and enjoyment. In their convergence with other arts, different Indian art forms, be it cinema, dance, drama, music, literature or sculpture, have practised a “give and take” policy all through their history. Most of them are based on the rasa theory as the connecting thread. Talking about the divergences, the book details how different art forms emerged from a common root and shaped up as separate entities within the Indian framework, while embedding divergent viewpoints opening up the possibility of diverse views on the same concept. These developments also hold true for modern art forms like cinema. The volume provides illustrations taken from a wide range of art forms ancient and contemporary, talking about the diverse applications of Indian aesthetics across multiple art forms in recent times.
This book deliberates on topics such as the theological position of both the Western and Indian philosophies and their ontology and eschatology, ethics, logic, aesthetics, history and applied science. It also analyses the apparent rapprochement between the West and the East.
Indian and Western Philosophy: A Study in Contrasts is based on the Forlong Fund Lectures of Dr Betty Heimann under the auspices of the Royal Asiatic Society. The philosophies of the West has immensely contributed to the growth of exact sciences, while India, on the other hand, has made more valuable contributions to metaphysics.
While keeping the motto of the West as man is the measure of all things and the Indian motto of atman is same in all beings in the backdrop, this book deliberates on topics such as the theological position of both the Western and Indian philosophies and their ontology and eschatology, ethics, logic, aesthetics, history and applied science. It also analyses the apparent rapprochement between the West and the East.
The key art historical concerns addressed in this volume include studies in form, style, textual interpretations, iconography, symbolism, representation, connoisseurship, artists, patrons, gendered readings, and the inter-relationships of art history with archaeology, visual archives, and history, in the Indian context.
The shaping of the disciplinary practice of art history in the Indian context has been a fascinating process and brings to the fore a range of viewpoints, issues, debates, and methods. Changing perspectives and approaches in academic writings on the visual arts of ancient and medieval India form the focus of this collection of insightful essays.
A critical introduction to the historiography of Indian art sets the stage for and contextualizes the different scholarly contributions on the circumstances, individuals, initiatives, and methods that have determined the course of Indian art history from colonial times to the present. The spectrum of key art historical concerns addressed in this volume include studies in form, style, textual interpretations, iconography, symbolism, representation, connoisseurship, artists, patrons, gendered readings, and the inter-relationships of art history with archaeology, visual archives, and history.
Based on the papers presented at a Seminar, Historiography of Indian Art: Emergent Methodological Concerns, organized by the National Museum Institute, New Delhi, this book is enriched by the contributions of some scholars who have played a seminal role in establishing art historys disciplinary orientations in the Indian context, and by those who offer more recent perspectives on the subject. Lucid and informative, this is an indispensable resource for all those engaged with the history and historiography of ancient and medieval Indian art in universities and museums across the globe, and will also be of interest to the general reader.
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