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India has continuous and cumulative intellectual traditions and thisbook endeavours to expound the major Indian Knowledge Systems, under its seven sections and makes available authoritative statements that articulate their validity for the contemporary Indian and Western reality in the modern perspective.
India has continuous and cumulative intellectual traditions in many domains of knowledge. This tradition has its beginning in the Rigveda, the first attested Indo-European document, and continues to be alive in the life, practices and learning of the Indian people. The power and pertinence of knowledge systems in this tradition are attested by the existence of innumerable texts and thinkers that continue to be the subject of study in major contemporary universities round the world. Not many today are aware of this rich heritage of thought. The Academy therefore produces rootless young minds that at best are ignorant and at worst have contempt for their own traditions of thought. The two volumes, comprising 34 articles by distinguished scholars, expound some major Indian knowledge systems viz. Logic, Philosophy of Language, Technology and Crafts, Polity and Governance, Ethics and Sociological texts, Architecture, Poetics and Aesthetics, Law and Justice, Mathematics and Astronomy, Agriculture, Trade and Commerce and Medicine and Life Science. Under its seven sections (i) Indian Knowledge Systems (Ex)Positions; (ii) Science; (iii) Medical Science in India; (iv) Psychology, Polity and Sociological Texts; (v) Aesthetics and Poetics; (vi) Philosophy, Logic and Language; and (vii) Knowledge Formation, Dissemination and Practice it makes available the first statements that articulate their validity for the contemporary Indian and Western reality.
The Krama School of the Trika Saivism of Kashmir, more familiar as Kalikrama in the contemporary parlance, has turned out to be the most crucial among the monistic Saiva traditions of medieval Kashmir after the Pratyabhijna school, a scenario people could hardly envisage six decades back when it first came to the notice of modern scholarship. The doctrine of Kalikrama, lit. sequential order of consciousness deities called Kalis, constitutes the most pivotal aspect of this school marked by a synchronous resonance between the esoteric/Tantric and cognitive/metaphysical undercurrents of the system.
In order to delve deeper into the doctrine of Kalikrama the present monograph does some loud thinking in three important areas: (a) the role of cognitivization in the ultimate realization; (b) the theoretical background of the mystical experience built around the consciousness deity(ies); and (c) the inconclusiveness of the hidden meaning posing an epistemological barrier in the study of an esoteric Tantric tradition. In all these areas one cannot miss the imprints of Abhinavagupta’s profound contribution. As such, the present study journeys into three directions: (1) a short genealogy of modern Krama studies; (2) the epistemology of the esoteric internalization embodied in the doctrine of Kalikrama; and (3) the role played by Abhinavagupta as its foremost architect. As such, the present study needs be construed as a small step towards discovering the intrinsic epistemological ethos of an esoteric Tantric tradition.
All arts in India owe their roots to the theoretical structure developed by Bharatamuni in his celebrated work Natyasastra. His theory of beauty is known as the theory of rasa. The present volume has shown how the insight of Bharata was developed by the classical scholars from Abhinavagupta to Jagannatha who propounded the theories with names like rasa, alamkara, riti, vakrokti, dhvani etc. to employ the theory of beauty from natya (drama) to kavya (poetry).
The foundation of the Indian aesthetic theory can be traced to Bharatamunis Natyashastra where he gave his theory of beauty (theory of rasa) which was later elaborately developed by learned scholars. In this work, Prof. Barlingay examines the development of the rasa theory by various authorities on art and aesthetics and finally presents his own critical understanding of it. The volume begins with a survey of the history of Indian art by examining painstakingly the relation between art and beauty, perception of time and space in art, and classification of arts. It then plunges into a detailed study of origin and development of rasa theory: from rasa in the Vedas and Upanishads to Bharatas rasa theory and perspectives of Abhinavagupta, Bhattatauta, Bhatta Lollata, Kuntaka, Dandin, Mammata, Vamana, Rudrata, Vishvanatha, Bhamaha, Jagannatha and others who enriched it further with their own theories. It explains how principles were employed and re-employed by the masters to reveal various meanings, inter-relationships, symbols, and perceptions of art. It highlights the salient features of each masters unique manner of interpretation of art concepts. The work is a must for scholars and students keen to study the fundamentals of concept and theory of Indian art, particularly with reference to drama and poetics.
This monograph presents, in a concise but comprehensive manner, a syncretic view of the latest information on various aspects such as tools and technologies, settlement and subsistence patterns, ecological background and distributional configuration in respect of the Stone Age and the Chalcolithic Cultures outside the Harappan Zone. The Megalithic Cultures of peninsular India and the Deccan too find a place in the book
Fresh excavations, new dating techniques and ever-growing conceptual frameworks since 1950 have greatly reshaped our perspective on Prehistory and Protohistory of the Indian subcontinent. This monograph, which is primarily aimed to serve as a starter for the undergraduate and postgraduate students, presents, in a concise but comprehensive manner, a syncretic view of the latest information on various aspects such as tools and technologies, settlement and subsistence patterns, ecological background and distributional configuration in respect of the Stone Age and the Chalcolithic Cultures outside the Harappan Zone. The Megalithic Cultures of peninsular India and the Deccan too find a place in the book. A glossary of the terms used frequently in archaeology as well as maps, line-drawings and explanatory notes on individual sites add further value to the text.
This authoritative volume draws the contours of Indian psychology, describes the methods of study, defines the critical concepts, explains the central ideas, and discusses their implications to psychological study and application to life.
Professors Ramakrishna Rao and Anand Paranjpe are two distinguished psychologist-philosophers who pioneered what has come to be known as Indian psychology. In this authoritative volume, they draw the contours of Indian psychology, describe the methods of study, define the critical concepts, explain the central ideas, and discuss their implications to psychological study and application to life.
The main theme is organized around the theme that psychology is the study of the person. They go on to present a model of the person as a unique composite of body, mind, and consciousness. Consciousness is conceived to be qualitatively and ontologically different from all material forms. The goal of the person is self-realization, which consists in the realization of the true self as distinct and separate from the manifest ego. It is facilitated by cultivating consciousness, which leads to some kind of psycho-spiritual symbiosis, personal transformation, and flowering of ones hidden human potentials.
Invoking Lord Hanumana for his blessings for the sake of knowledge, strength and wisdom in general and for the mitigation of difficult situations in particular, is a common practice among devout Hindus. As per belief and practice the solution lies in the recital of Hanuman Chalisa.
The Small, hard-bound hand-book, running into 64 pages, reproduces each and every stanza of the Hanuman Chalisa in original, with easy-to-understand Hindi translation. What is outstanding about the publication are the colourful, full-page visuals (artworks) depicting the super-mundane, mythological episodes related to the Mahabali, Veer Hanumana as the saviour and the ever-dependable Lord of the true devotees.
Invoking Lord Hanumana for his blessings for the sake of knowledge, strength and wisdom in general and for the mitigation of difficult situations in particular, is a common practice among devout Hindus. As per belief and practice the solution lies in the recital of Hanuman Chalisa.
The Small, hard-bound hand-book, running into 64 pages, reproduces each and every stanza of the Hanuman Chalisa in original, with easy-to-understand Hindi translation. What is outstanding about the publication are the colourful, full-page visuals (artworks) depicting the super-mundane, mythological episodes related to the Mahabali, Veer Hanumana as the saviour and the ever-dependable Lord of the true devotees.
The Surya Siddhanta is one of the earliest astronomical texts of the ancient India. Under the tradition of Upanishads, the Surya Siddhanta reveals the knowledge of the planetary motion of the solar system directly given by the Sun god to Mayasura, subsequently passed down in oral form. Later on Varahamihira (ce 505-87) discussed the doctrine of Surya Siddhanta in his book on Pancasiddhantika. The present Hindi translation of the Sanskrit verses of Surya Siddhanta is based on the famous English translations by Reverend Ebenezer Burgess (1860) and Pt. Bapu Deva Sastry (1861).
Significant coverage in the fourteen chapters of the book is on units of time, length of the year of gods and demons, day and night of Brahma, the elapsed period since creation, planetary eastwards movement and sidereal revolution. The lengths of the earths diameter, circumference are also given. Eclipses and colour of the moons eclipsed portion are mentioned. The appendices provide the modern aspect on these topics. The researchers of ancient astronomy and others may find it an interesting reading.
The Surya Siddhanta is one of the earliest astronomical texts of the ancient India. Under the tradition of Upanishads, the Surya Siddhanta reveals the knowledge of the planetary motion of the solar system directly given by the Sun god to Mayasura, subsequently passed down in oral form. Later on Varahamihira (ce 505-87) discussed the doctrine of Surya Siddhanta in his book on Pancasiddhantika. The present Hindi translation of the Sanskrit verses of Surya Siddhanta is based on the famous English translations by Reverend Ebenezer Burgess (1860) and Pt. Bapu Deva Sastry (1861).
Significant coverage in the fourteen chapters of the book is on units of time, length of the year of gods and demons, day and night of Brahma, the elapsed period since creation, planetary eastwards movement and sidereal revolution. The lengths of the earths diameter, circumference are also given. Eclipses and colour of the moons eclipsed portion are mentioned. The appendices provide the modern aspect on these topics. The researchers of ancient astronomy and others may find it an interesting reading.
The present study is the comprehensive analysis of interpretative tradition, concerned with the problem of determining meaning in verbal texts, and examines the nature of the texts and the typology of textual situations. It investigates the instruments of interpretation and illustrates their use in various texts and exegetes.
Linguistic communities are interpretative they have shared frameworks and strategies to fix the meaning of what is experienced through senses or communicated through language. India presents one such interpretative community in which the three major contending schools of thought the Brahmins, the Buddhists and the Jains flourished and fought. The presence of a strong interpretative tradition suggests the existence of texts and issues that are perennially important and also a certain freedom of mind that the community has enjoyed and guaranteed. The present study is perhaps the first comprehensive analysis of this tradition concerned with the problems of determining meaning in verbal texts. It examines the nature of the texts and the typology of textual situations in response to which a system of interpretation developed and became a shared mode of interpretation, the Shastra-Paddhati. It sets up several typologies of meaning, of textual situations and of the interpretative strategies. The book then investigates the instruments of interpretation, verbal testimony, sarvabhauma siddhanta (the meta-principle), sangati (coherence), paribhasha (metarules), laukika-nyaya (common principles of judgement), vyakarana (grammar), nirvacana, (exposition or etymology) and verbal symbolism and illustrates the use that is made of them in different kinds of texts, shruti, smriti and kavya, and by different exegetes such as Shankara. At a time of resurgence of interest in the Indian intellectual traditions in grammar, philosophy, logic, theories of meaning and poetics and as part of a transdisciplinary search for abstract structures of knowledge this book should be of interest to students and scholars of Indian languages, linguistics, semiotics and literatures and generate lively intellectual controversy among scholars and motivate further research and study in these areas.
This book sets forth the principles and procedures of elementary Logic in a more simplified way. The enlarged edition of A Text Book of Logic Þ An Introduction, it includes an additional chapter on Uses of Language and its Functions besides the main topics on Deductive, Inductive and Symbolic Logic prescribed by various universities.
The present book is the fifth enlarged edition of the earlier book A Text Book of Logic An Introduction. The current edition includes additional chapters on Arguments and Explanations, and Dilemma. Like the earlier book, the present book sets forth the principles and procedures of elementary Logic in the most simplified way and is specifically designed and intended for the use of undergraduate students. It contains almost all the main topics on Deductive, Inductive and Symbolic Logic prescribed in the syllabi of different universities in the country.
The book attempts to present a clear perspective on Logic as a science of correct reasoning. In the introductory chapter the aim of Logic and the task of a Logician are elaborated. Other topics covered here are Terms, Propositions, Immediate Inference, Syllogism, Boolean Equations, Venn Diagrams, Anti-Logism Theorem, Truth Functions, Truth Table, Deductive Method, Predicate Calculus, Scientific Inductions, Causation, Mill’s Methods and Informal Fallacies to mention a few. All the topics are explained with the help of diagrams and lucid examples. Each chapter is followed by plenty of fresh and exclusive exercises for the benefit of students.
This book introduces Aryabhata and the Aryabhatiya to the new generations through an authentic English translation. It discusses Aryabhata as an innovator and the findings of Aryabhata on dashagitika, ganitapada, kalakriya and gola in great details, endorsing it as quite a genuine work.
The Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata is of great work in the annals of the history of Indian mathematics and astronomy. This volume is expected to give a complete translation (with notes) of the Aryabhatiya with references to some of the most important parallel passages. It is a brief descriptive work intended to supplement matters and processes which are generally known and agreed upon to give only the most distinctive features of Aryabhatas own system. Many common places and many simple processes are taken for granted.
The book vividly addresses topics such as dashagitika, ganitapada, kalakriya and gola in much details. Withstanding many a criticism from people like Brahmagupta on the theories of Aryabhata, this volume through the introductory chapter contends that the Aryabhatiya, on the whole, is quite genuine. It presents Aryabhata as an innovator, thus his difference from Smriti or tradition in his approach to many astronomical matters is fully justified. It also discusses a serious internal discrepancy in the Aryabhatiya about the stationary and revolutionary nature of earth.
This book helps in introducing Aryabhata and the quintessential of Aryabhatiya to the mathematicians and astronomers of the new generations, for whom the original language Sanskrit and the old processes might be unknown.
The Kalacakra Tantra was the last major Tantrik text written in India before the decline of Buddhism. The book has left indelible influence over different regions of Asia in last thousand years of its journey. Apart from the Vimalprabha commentary composed during the mid-11th century, there is no verse by verse commentary available to the general reader. Kumar has attempted translation of the full text from Sanskrit original and has also contributed a new detailed commentary. This book locates mysterious Sambhala and Oddiyana. The book further delves into the chronology of legendary Kalki kings.
This book is an interesting specimen of Hindu critical ability. It presents the synopsis of sixteen philosophical systems that were current in the fourteenth-century south India in their most important tenets and maintains the principal arguments by which their followers were endeavoured to maintain them.
The Sarvadarshanasamgraha of Madhavacharya is an interesting specimen of Hindu critical ability. The author herein presents the synopsis of sixteen Charvaka, Bauddha, Jaina, Ramanuja, Purnaprajna, Pashupata, Shaiva, Pratyabhijna, Raseshvara, Vaisheshika, Nyaya, Jaiminiya, Paniniya, Samkhya, Patanjala and Advaita philosophical systems current in the fourteenth-century south India in their most important tenets and maintains the principal arguments by which their followers were endeavoured to maintain them. In course of his sketches of these systems, Madhavacharya frequently explains at length obscure details of these different systems.
Sarvadarshanasamgraha presents all these Darshanas from the Vedantic point of view. These had attracted to their study the noblest minds in India throughout the medieval period of its history. There were numerous sects of Bauddha, Jaina, and Hindu philosophical systems and we come across many of them in this book.
This present retypeset edition is quite reader-friendly as we have made a few changes to this edition as value-adds and by incorporating the present-day diacritics.
This English translation of Sarvadarshanasamgraha must evoke keen interest among scholars of philosophy, and researchers and students of philosophy across the globe.
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