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Textbook of Logic (5...
Textbook of Logic (5th Revised edition)
by: Krishna JainThis book sets forth the principles and procedures of elementary Logic in a more simplified way. The enlarged edition of A Text Book of Logic Þ An Introduction, it includes an additional chapter on Uses of Language and its Functions besides the main topics on Deductive, Inductive and Symbolic Logic prescribed by various universities.
₹306.00
ISBN: 9788124606483
Year Of Publication: 2013
Edition: 5th
Pages : xiii, 381 p
Bibliographic Details : Bibliography
Language : English
Binding : Hardcover
Publisher: D.K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd.
Size: 23cm.
Weight: 450
The present book is the fifth enlarged edition of the earlier book A Text Book of Logic An Introduction. The current edition includes additional chapters on Arguments and Explanations, and Dilemma. Like the earlier book, the present book sets forth the principles and procedures of elementary Logic in the most simplified way and is specifically designed and intended for the use of undergraduate students. It contains almost all the main topics on Deductive, Inductive and Symbolic Logic prescribed in the syllabi of different universities in the country.
The book attempts to present a clear perspective on Logic as a science of correct reasoning. In the introductory chapter the aim of Logic and the task of a Logician are elaborated. Other topics covered here are Terms, Propositions, Immediate Inference, Syllogism, Boolean Equations, Venn Diagrams, Anti-Logism Theorem, Truth Functions, Truth Table, Deductive Method, Predicate Calculus, Scientific Inductions, Causation, Mill’s Methods and Informal Fallacies to mention a few. All the topics are explained with the help of diagrams and lucid examples. Each chapter is followed by plenty of fresh and exclusive exercises for the benefit of students.
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Part I
1. Introduction
Subject Matter of Logic
Arguments
Form and Matter
Truth and Validity
Deduction and Induction
2. Function and Uses of Language
Language Makes Thinking Possible
Various Functions of Language
Informative Function
Expressive Function
Directive Function
Conclusion
3. Section A — Proposition: Traditional Account
Traditional Classification of Propositions
Categorical Propositions
Quantity and Quality
Reduction of the Sentences into Standard Logical Form Propositions
Exercise 1
Section B — Modern Logicians Treatment of Categorical Propositions
Existential Import
Boolean Analysis of Categorical Propositions
John Venns Diagrams
Exercise 2
Modern Classification of Propositions
Categorical Propositions
Singular Proposition
4. Terms
Distribution of Terms
Quantity of a Proposition
Quality of a Proposition
Denotation and Connotation of Terms
Relation Between Connotation and Denotation
Types of Terms
Singular and General Terms
Concrete and Abstract
Positive and Negative Terms
Contradictory terms
Contrary terms
Collective and Distributive terms
5. Square of Opposition
Modern Logicians Square of Opposition
Exercise 3
6. Immediate Inference (Education)
Education
Conversion
Summary
Observation
Summary
Contraposition
Summary
Solutions
Immediate Inference (Eduction) in Modern Logic
Exercise 4
7. Section A — Categorical Syllogism
Figures of Syllogism
Moods of Syllogism
Standard Form Categorical Syllogism
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Section B — Validity of Categorical Syllogism: Traditional Method
Rule No. 1
Rules Related to Distribution of Terms
Rule No. 2
Rule No. 3
Rules of Quality
Rule No. 4
Rule No. 5
Rule of Quantity
Rule No. 6
Special Rules of 1st Figure
Special Rules of 2nd Figure
Special Rules of 3rd Figure
Special Rules of 4th Figure
Exercise 7
Section C — Validity of Categorical Syllogism by Modern Method
Exercise 8
The Antilogism
Exercise 9
Section D — Non-categorical Syllogism
Disjunctive Syllogism
Hypothetical Syllogism
Mixed Hypothetical Syllogism
Pure Hypothetical Syllogism
Exercise 10
8. Laws of Thought
Part II
9. Symbolic Logic : Its Nature and Character
Logical Form and Validity of an Argument
Advantages of Using Symbols
Inference and Implication
10. Symbolization
Symbolization of Compound Propositions
1. Conjunctive
2. Disjunctive
3. Implication
4. Equivalent or Biconditional Proposition
Exercise 11
11. Truth Function
Negative Function
Conjunctive Function
Disjunctive Function
Alternative Function
Implicative Function
Paradox of Material Implication
Equivalent Function
Interdefinability of Truth Functions (Constants)
Stroke Function
Exercise 12
12. Truth Table Method as Decision Procedure
Truth Table Method
Illustrated Statement Forms
Exercise 13
Testing the Validity/Invalidity of the Argument
Forms and Arguments by Truth Table Method
Exercise 14
13. Shorter Truth Table Method (Reductio ad absurdum or Indirect Method)
Exercise 15
14. Formal Proof of Validity
Modus Ponens (M.P.)
Modus Tollens (M.T.)
Disjunctive Syllogism (D.S.)
Hypothetical Syllogism (H.S.)
Constructive Dilemma (C.D.)
Conjunction (Conj.)
Simplification (Simp.)
Addition (Add.)
Absorption (Abs.)
Some solved examples
Exercise 16
15. Section A — Predicate Calculus
Singular Propositions
Exercise 17
Section B — Validity
Exercise 18
Section C — Invalidity
Exercise 19
Part III
16. Induction
Types of Induction
Introduction by Simple Enumeration
Introduction by Complete Enumeration
Introduction by Analogy
Scientific Introduction
17. Causation
Plurality Theory of Causation
18. J.S. Mills Experimental Methods
Method of Agreement
Method of Difference (Disagreement)
Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
Method of Residues
Method of Concomitant Variation
Assessment of the Methods
19. Hypothesis
Conditions of Valid Hypothesis
Verification
Verification of a Hypothesis
Proof of a Hypothesis
Crucial Instances
Part IV
20. Informal Fallacies
Formal Fallacies
Informal Fallacies
Verbal Fallacies (Fallacies of Ambiguity)
Non-verbal Fallacies of Matter (Fallacies of Relevance)
Select Bibliography
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Before you know it, you realise that HellaNaura’s deep reflections have awakened in you a need to integrate some spiritual viewpoints into your busy modern life. Why? Because her experiences and many joys, in spite of several difficulties, are a proof that a ‘spiritual’ outlook is an effective antidote to the crafty seduction by material and sensual gratifications. And, as she notes, even parts of Ladakhi society – formerly happy, prosperous and woven tightly together with warmth and intimacy – seem to be succumbing to its lures.
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“Knowing one’s tradition is important; but only when tradition is not presented as fossilised but as continuous with our present-day living. In most places we do not make enough effort to show the link between the classical philosophical thoughts and the contemporary world view. We need to show that we can still meaningfully interact with the classical philosophical systems”, writes Amita Chatterjee in her seminal essay “In Search of Counterpoints”. This volume is dedicated in her honour. “Knowing one’s tradition is important; but only when tradition is not presented as fossilised but as continuous with our present-day living. In most places we do not make enough effort to show the link between the classical philosophical thoughts and the contemporary world view. We need to show that we can still meaningfully interact with the classical philosophical systems”, writes Amita Chatterjee in her seminal essay “In Search of Counterpoints”. This volume is dedicated in her honour. Chatterjee belongs to a genre of philosophers, who have as part of their cultural heritage, like Raghunath Siromani and Immanuel Kant. Chatterjee, in addition to breaking cultural boundaries, desired to break boundaries that have kept professional disciplines apart. She deeply believes that there are certain basic questions that are questions not for any specific discipline. These questions, she thinks, could not be answered by remaining within one single discipline. It is no surprise that she was the founder of the first Cognitive Science Centre in India. Responding to her multifaceted academic talent, forty academics from diverse disciplines and from all over the world have contributed papers to this volume. The major areas of Chatterjee’s interest that feature in this volume are: (i) Fusion Philosophy, (ii) Mind and Cognition, (iii) Mind and Perception, (iv) Mind and Language, (v) Logic and Vagueness, (vi) Logic, (vii) Indian Philosophy, and (viii) Philosophy, Society and Popular Culture. Chatterjee’s intellectual autobiography and her responses to each of the papers are parts of this volume.
ISBN 9788124609514 (vol. 1)
ISBN 9788124609521 (vol. 2)
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“The Vedānta has been rightly called the Finest Fruit of Indian Thought and the Upaniṣads as the Finer Flowers. Vedānta grows out of the teachings of the Upaniṣads and passes into the various systems in the writings of Śaṅkara, Bhāskara, Rāmānuja, Madhva and Vallabha, the great founders of Advaita, Bhedābheda, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Dvaitādvaita and Śuddhādvaita, respectively. However, there is a perception among Orientalists that while the Upaniṣads favour the Monistic doctrine, Bādarāyaṇa’s Brahmasūtra fundamentally opposes it on some of the most crucial points.
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… and many more questions we always wondered about the daily eight hours of our bed time, but never got the right answers to! We find new meanings and ways in dealing with our dreams in this volume, therefore, it is a must read for every dream enthusiast as well as any serious spiritual seeker.
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This book represents the philosophy of language in Navya-Nyaya, based upon an analysis of the “Verbal Suffix Chapter” (Akhyatavada) of Gangesha’s Tattvacintamani. Since this chapter elaborates what kind of verbal understanding is generated and discusses related issues, the book demonstrates the main features of that philosophy of language and serves as a good introduction to that. The analysis mainly deals with Gangesha, but in some cases it refers to Raghunatha. Since the book is an attempt to pursue philological exactness and philosophical analysis, it is hoped to interest not only Sanskrit scholars, but also philosophers in general.
The book consists of four lectures. Lecture I clarifies Gangesha’s view of the meaning of the suffixes of a finite verb, which (meaning) is greatly disputed among the Navya-Nyaya philosophers, the Mimamsa philosophers, and the Grammarians. Lecture II investigates how Gangesha determines the meaning of words and illustrates that his method bears upon ontological categories of Vaisheshika. Lecture III deals with Gangesha’s “Five Definitions of Invariable Concomitance Section” (Vyaptipancaka) and elucidates the relation between meaning and the logical structure of the definitions. The lecture also provides diagrams as a tool to represent the structure. Lecture IV explains the realistic standpoint of Navya-Nyaya by clarifying the concept of the counterpositive (pratiyogin) of absence (abhava), or a thing whose existence is negated, focusing on empty terms or non-factual expressions such as “a round triangle”, “the present King of France”, “a rabbit’s horn”, and so forth. The lecture delineates how Udayana, Gangesha, and Raghunatha observed and, as the time passed, did realism thoroughly in language analysis.
