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The volume throws light on various issues and problems in classical Indian philosophical tradition concerning the structure of language and meaning, particularly referring to the theories and philosophies of Bhartrhari and Nyaya and Purva-Mimamsa philosophies of language. It also involves the contemporary western perspective in the course of analysis.
Philosophical query into the working of language has occupied an important place in the rich tradition of thought in India since the ancient times. This book throws light on various debates in classical Indian Philosophical tradition concerning the structure of language and meaning. Papers in this book have been arranged in four groups basing on their thematic composition. The book begins with the general issues relating to language as figured in classical schools of Indian philosophy. Papers dealing with the semantic structure of language as discussed by Bhartrhari in his Vakyapadiya follow this. The next set of papers is related to some of the important semantic notions of Nyaya philosophy of language. In this respect notions like sense, reference, proper names, meaning, etc., have figured in for discussion. The last set of papers is concerned with the import of sentences wherein papers dealing with Purva-Mimamsa are included. One of the significant features of this volume is that some of the issues and problems in Indian Philosophy of language have been approached from the contemporary Western perspective with a view to explicate and evaluate them in a better way and this would be of considerable interest to scholars and students of philosophy, particularly those involved in the study of classical Indian philosophy.
भारतवर्षीय दर्शन परम्परा में अनेक सम्प्रदाय, पद्धतियां, चिन्तन–मार्ग और साधना के आयाम हैं। वे सभी पद्धतियाँ मुख्यत: तीन ग्रन्थाें पर आधारित हैं। जिनमें कुमारिल भट्ट का श्लाेकवार्त्तिक, धर्मकीर्ति का प्रमाणवार्त्तिक, तथा गङ्गेश उपाध्याय का तत्त्वचिन्तामणि हैं। वे तीन ग्रन्थ आज तक की भारतीय दर्शन परम्परा के प्रतिनिधि ग्रन्थ हैं और तीन मार्गाें के रूप में स्थापित हैं। हम कुछ भी चिन्तन, लेखन या विचार करते हैं ताे वे इन तीनाें में से किसी एक मार्ग में स्वतः ही चले आते हैं।
धर्मकीर्ति का यह प्रमाणवार्त्तिक ग्रन्थ अत्यन्त कठिन हाेने से इस ग्रन्थ का अब तक किसी भी भाषा में पूर्ण रूप से अनुवाद नहीं हाे पाया है। इसके कुछ श्लाेक अंग्रेज़ी में अनुदित हैं ताे कुछ हिन्दीए फ्रेंचए जर्मन और नेपाली में भी अनुदित हुए हैं। किन्तु अब तक पूर्ण ग्रन्थ का और इसकी किसी भी टीका का पूर्ण अनुवाद न हाेना इसकी भाषा का कठिन हाेना, विचाराें का गूढ़ हाेना तथा अत्यन्त दुरुह प्रकरणाें का हाेना ही कारण रहा है। कुछ विदेशी विद्वान् इसका अंग्रेज़ी में अनुवाद करने के लिए भी लगे हुए हैं किन्तु बीसाें वर्षाें के बाद भी वे इसे पूरा नहीं कर सके हैं। अतः यह हिन्दी अनुवाद अपने आप में प्रथम पूर्ण अनुवाद और सम्पादन है।
प्रस्तुत ग्रन्थ में पाँच प्रकरण हैं – 1. प्रमाण सिद्धि परिच्छेद, मनाेरथनन्दी के साथय; 2. प्रत्यक्ष परिच्छेद, मनाेरथनन्दी के साथ; 3. स्वार्थानुमान परिच्छेद, स्वाेपज्ञवृत्ति सहित (जाे कि धर्मकीर्ति की अपनी ही वृत्ति है); 4. स्वार्थानुमान परिच्छेद, मनाेरथनन्दी के साथ; और 5. परार्थानुमान परिच्छेद, मनाेरथनन्दी के साथ।
इस ग्रन्थ में प्रथम बार समग्र प्रमाणवार्त्तिक का उपस्थापन किया गया है। इस में स्वयं धर्मकीर्ति की स्वाेपज्ञवृत्ति स्वार्थानुमान परिच्छेद में वर्णित है जिसका अनुवाद सहित उपस्थापन पाँचवें परिच्छेद के रूप में रखा गया है।
This volume deals with the computational modelling of Panini’s grammar Astadhyayi together with supplementary texts, computational tools for Sanskrit language and their applications in the traditional Sanskrit concerns. It is an important initiative in the filed of Sanskrit computational linguistics as it records insightful current trends in the field.
This volume is the proceedings of the 5th International Sanskrit Computational Linguistics Symposium (ISCLS), held at IIT Bombay during 4-6 January 2013. These proceedings include fourteen selected and three invited papers. The selected papers deal with topics such as computational modelling of Panini’s grammar Ashtadhyayi together with its supplementary texts, computational tools for Sanskrit language and their applications in the traditional Sanskrit concerns. Accordingly, this book delves upon how clues from Ashtadhyayi help in identifying compound types; how Ashtadhyayis digital edition can be structured and implemented; the completeness analysis of a Sanskrit reader; graph-based analysis of parallel passages; some relation-specific issues in parsing Sanskrit texts, text normalizer for Sanskrit; extended Nyaya-Vaisheshika ontology; and a search engine for Sanskrit, among others.
The invited papers focus on lexicography, with special reference to Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Sanskrit on Historical Principles; some aspects of semantics in early India in understanding the meaning of words; and the computational database of Paninis grammar.
This collection, thus, is an important initiative in the filed of Sanskrit computational linguistics as it records insightful current trends in the field, making it a must buy for students, researchers, and all those interested in Sanskrit grammar.
Exhaustive in nature and giving authentic information, this work is a thesaurus in its own kind, respecting the Sanskrit language of every age. It covers the periods in the life of the language, acknowledging and distinguishing it with different notations.
The book is intended especially as a supplement to Sanskrit Grammar of W.D. Whitney and includes all the views comprehensively of a given root in the Sanskrit language. The author has respected the language of every period, and the great St. Petersburg Lexicon of Böhtlingk and Roth have been his greatest source for materials on epic and classical literature. In the older language of Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads and Sutras, he has done much more independent work. The periods in the life of the language which are acknowledged and distin- guished by appropriate notation are six: the Veda (v.); the Brahmana (b.); the Upanishads (u.); the Sutras (s.); the epics (e.); and the common Sanskrit (c.). They have all been adequately explained in detail. The book will be useful to the scholarly community in need of authentic information on Sanskrit language.
This book offers a study of Bhartrharis Vakyapadiya in an altogether modern (the post-Fregean) perspective on the philosophy of language. Bhartrharis analysis of language is presented methodically and in contemporary philosophical idiom.
It is the first ever study of the fifth-century scholar, Bhartriharis Vakyapadiya in an altogether modern, the post-Fregean, perspective on the Philosophy of Language. A uniquely original thinker in Indias splendid grammarians tradition, Bhartrihari overreached the limits of language analysis set by his predecessors like Panini and Patanjali constructing, as he did, a brilliant Philosophy of Language that sought to spell out, among other aspects, the subtle distinctions between the knowable and the sayable, between what is said and what is meant, between the semantics of everyday speech and literary discourse. Sadly, Bhartrihari has, through the centuries, suffered neglect, largely because the Grammarian School never figured in the six major systems of traditional Indian philosophy.
For the first time, this monograph tries to reinterpret Bhartriharis position as a philosopher, emphasizing the high relevance of his Vakyapadiya to modern Western thought. A reputed scholar of grammar, philosophy and Sanskrit studies, the author presents Bhartriharis analyses of language methodically, unbiased. And, significantly, in contemporary philosophical idiom with contextual focus on the views of modern Western philosophers: Frege, Wittgenstein, Grice, Austin, Davidson, Searle, Strawson and the like. Also offered here is a lucid exposition of the Sphota Theory.
Growing from Dr Patnaiks a decade-long research on Bhartriharis philosophy, the volume highlights not only ancient Indian contribution to the study of language, but the interconnectedness among its indigenous approaches to linguistics, philosophy, logic and aesthetics as well.
The sutras of Sabdajyotsna, composed by Pt. Bhiksharam, are arranged subject wise (according to prakarana) on the pattern of prakriya works. The author has succeeded in exposing the rules of Sanskrit grammar in lucid and clear diction. This pioneering attempt deserves recognition and appreciation in the academic circle.
Pt. Bihiksharam (18871975) composed the Sabdajyotsna with a view to teach Sanskrit grammar to an ordinary student in a simple style. The author adopts pratyahara, anuvritti, anubandha, etc. in his work to impart the abridgement on the pattern of Ashtadhyayi and Pratishakhyas. For this purpose, the author tries his best to simplify the tough process of learning Sanskrit grammar.
The sutras of the Shabdajyotsna are composed subject wise (according to prakarana) on the pattern of prakriya works. Only samjna- and sandhi-prakaranas of this work were published in 1958. The rest of the text in Devanagari remained in the form of manuscript lying unattended. The script, whatever traced, was made available to Prof. Shri Krishan Sharma for the editing purposes by his grandson. However, the samasa-prakarana and some portions of taddhita-prakarana still remain untraceable.
In spite of some minor gaps, the work deserves recognition and appreciation in the academic circle. The author of the Sabdajyotsna aimed at and indeed succeeded in fully exposing the rules of Sanskrit grammar in lucid and clear diction.
The work, a pioneering attempt of its kind, may very well be considered as a significant contribution to the tradition of Sanskrit grammar, benefiting students, teachers and researchers alike.
What is the doctrine of Sabdapramana (word as knowledge)? What is involved in hearing words? Is the understanding (Sabdabodha) derived through hearing utterances direct or indirect? Or does it depend on certain other conditions for its validation? These are just some of the questions that have emerged within the Hindu philosophical tradition which this book tries to answer.
Shabdapramana or Testimony is a formidable doctrine within Indian philosophy. A thorough investigation of this thesis is long overdue. What is shabdapramana (word as knowledge)? What is involved in hearing words? Is the understanding derived through hearing utterances direct or indirect? Does this peculiarly linguistic understanding (shabdabodha) amount to knowledge (prama), or does it depend on certain other conditions for its truth? Further, what sort of theories of meaning, understanding, and knowledge would be required to ground a successful shabdabodha as prama,> need careful attention. It is sometimes said that Indian thinkers had no particularly interesting theory of understanding. The present work sets out to address these issues issues that have engaged traditional and modern thinkers alike. Based on the classic text, Advaita Vedanta-paribhasha of Dharmarajadhvarindra (17th century), the analysis and arguments extend to the views of and criticisms from the Nyaya, Purva Mimamsa and the grammarian/linguistic schools within Indian philosophy, with a treatment of similar concerns in Western philosophy. There is a compelling thesis here that should be taken seriously in any philosophy. Long discarded as a distinct source of knowledge in Western philosophy, Testimony might be fruitfully re-examined. This could lead to mutual dialogue between philosophy and religion, and pave the way for critical metaphysics.
Sanskrit, one of the oldest extant languages of the Indo-European group, is hailed as the memory of the human race and its earliest cultural history. In this book scholars trace the links of Sanskrit with various countries of the world and their cultures and languages.
Sanskrit may be said to be one of the oldest extant languages of the Indo-European group of languages. It is hailed as the memory of the human race and its earliest cultural history. No serious study of the world civilization and cultures of different countries will be possible without understanding Sanskrit as it evolved and influenced other languages of the world or bears association with them. This volume has articles that attempt such an understanding of the Sanskrit language. Scholars trace the link of Sanskrit with various countries of the world and their cultures and languages. They throw light on Sanskrit grammar as recorded in Chinese works and contributions of Sanskrit to Chinese linguistics; on the many Sanskrit manuscripts available in Japan; and similarities and regularities in the phonetic system, grammar and vocabulary of Sanskrit and Russian. They view links between Sanskrit and the Slavonic languages, German, English, Persian and the Indonesian languages, examining mutual borrowings. They explain the way translations from one language to another have affected preservation and dissemination of knowledge. The articles, a result of meticulous study and marked by simplicity and clarity in expression, will be interesting and informative to a range of scholars of Indology.
The book, proceedings of an international seminar, contains fourteen high-value research papers. It delves deep into the contributions of Sanskrit across varied fields of the knowledge system like linguistics, phonetics, philosophy, mathematics, grammar, medicine, ecology, management, Natya, public administration, poetry and poetics, among others.
This volume, a compilation of fourteen research papers of high value, presented at an international seminar organized by the Rajiv Gandhi Campus of Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Srngeri, highlights the contribution of Sanskrit to the development of world thought.
The first available text of the entire human race is Rigveda, and it is in Sanskrit. Since then the text-writing tradition of Sanskrit through ages has significantly contributed to the world thought, be it philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, grammar, medicine, ecology, public administration, poetry and poetics, among many other branches. Taking a cue from such a historical lineage, this volume showcases topics the contributions of ancient Indian thinkers to linguistics; some speculations on the contribution of Sanskrit to the world thought; significance of Ramayana in world literature; Sanskrits influence on Western phonetics; arthamatralaghava; elements of ecology in Ramayana; techniques of Theodor Stcherbatsky and his followers in translating Sanskrit philosophical texts; Sanskrits contribution to conscious studies; donation and value: its concept and expansion; Abhinavaguptas sarvamsarvatmakam; management wisdom which permeates in Sanskrit texts; twists and turns of Yoga in America; perspective of inspirational leadership from Gita; and reception of Natya in Europe, specifically in Croatia.
The icing on the cake is that the book presents research papers of the top three Sanskrit scholars of the world. This, with other scholarly articles, makes the volume a collectors choice.
This book features the influence and interaction of Sanskrit with Prakrit, Hindi Apabhransha, Urdu, Bangla, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese, Punjabi, Kashmiri and Gujarati. It modestly attempts to cover various aspects of mutual reciprocation between Sanskrit and other Indian languages.
This book is mainly a compilation of articles which were primarily presented at the Sanskrit Week Programme organized by the Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi from 714 August 2006. A few articles have, however, been added later on. Sanskrit and Other Indian Languages features the influence and interaction of Sanskrit with Prakrit, Hindi Apabhramsha, Urdu, Bangla, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese, Punjabi, Kashmiri and Gujarati. It covers various aspects of mutual reciprocation between Sanskrit and other Indian languages such as Þ conceptual, structural, grammatical, historical, linguistic, colloquial as well as literary. Issues of oral and written forms of language as also of textual translations have been dealt with by Sanskrit scholars who are well-versed in respective Indian languages. Finally, there is an article which argues for Sanskrit as a National Language of India. This book is a modest attempt to convey the inherent thought-pattern of Indian mind basically enshrined in Sanskrit but expressed through variety of verbal forms across the country.
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