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“Jain narrative as well as canonical literature indicates that the first tirthankara of Jains, Lord Adinath, was the founder of work and knowledge-based culture in India. He taught people how to live as communities and adhere to certain prearranged rules of coexistence and cooperation. He prescribed six different skills to be acquired by his subjects for worldly activities like (i) Asi (swordsmanship for protection), (ii) Masi (writing skills), (iii) Krishi (agriculture), (iv) Vidya (knowledge), (v) Vanijya (trade and commerce) and (vi) Shilp (crafts). These skills not only help in creating worldly wealth but also assist individuals and communities to live happily with overall prosperity. Following the path shown by Lord Adinath and subsequent tirthankaras. The Jain society from ancient times has been engaged in business activities with ahimsa (non-violence) as their guiding principle. Owing to this principle of ahimsa, we do find trends of the Jain community being engaged in commerce and trade. The historical trajectory of mercantile characteristics among the Jains continued till date and since India’s Independence, many renowned Jains have contributed to the development of India. This book documents the conceptual foundation of Jain tenets with reference to the Western approach toward business ethics; it also covers biographies of successful Jain entrepreneurs in the past and present. Apart from the details on the conceptual framework of Jain Business Ethics and Jain Business Engagements through the ages, it also contains various essays on Jain Values and Entrepreneurship. This book is an academic attempt to examine the Jain religion as an Eastern case study, which will be of interest to readers, who are looking for an alternative perspective in light of contemporary worries about global business and economic systems.”
Ancient history of India reveals that there were two parallel traditions in India, viz. Vedic and Sramanic. The Sramana Tradition includes Jainism, Buddhism and others such as the Ajivikas and Ajtianas. Jain religious tradition is one of the oldest living religions of India. Historicity of 24th Tirthankara Mahavira in sixth century BCE is well established. The Jain records mention the name of 23 tirthankaras before Mahavira. Among them Parsvanatha was the 23rd and Neminatha was the 22nd.
Parsvanatha is now acknowledged as a historical figure by a number of scholars. The existence of Parsva’s Order in Mahavira’s time is recorded as a discussion between the followers of Parsva (caturyama) and those of Mahavira (pancayama) in the Uttara-adhyayanasiitra. Keeping this fact in mind, International School for Jain Studies (ISJS) in association with the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORT) organized a two-day International Seminar on “Traces of Sramana Tradition (with special reference to Jainism): Prior to 650 BCE” on 5-6 October 2019 in Pune. This book contains 13 selected papers presented in this seminar exploring the available archaeological, cultural, social and literary evidences to substantiate the existence of Jain tradition before 650 BCE.
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